黄淮海大豆新品种配套栽培技术研制及试验示范
项目来源
国（略）研（略）(（略）D（略）
项目主持人
韩（略）
项目受资助机构
中（略）科（略）物（略）究（略）
立项年度
2（略）
立项时间
未（略）
项目编号
2（略） YFD0101406
项目级别
国（略）
研究期限
未（略） （略）
受资助金额
9（略）0（略）
学科
七（略）物（略）（（略）科（略）
学科代码
未（略）
基金类别
“（略）作（略）”（略）项
关键词
大（略） （略）;（略）潜（略） （略）获（略）s（略）e（略）;（略）g（略）e（略）t（略） （略）l（略）o（略）t（略） （略）e（略）n（略）d（略）r（略）t（略）
参与者
徐（略）
参与机构
未（略）
项目标书摘要：近年（略）年增加，生产形势严（略）差的重要原因在于我（略）我国大豆单产仅为美（略）主产国平均单产的6（略）有限，在大豆种植面（略）下，挖掘大豆高产潜（略）大豆生产亟需解决的（略）度的提高，密植成为（略）光能资源、依靠群体（略）效的措施之一。我国（略）术已在多种作物中实（略）植方面的研究进行了（略）豆密植增产的研究方（略）密品种选育提供理论（略）
Applicati（略）: In rece（略）e soybean（略）China has（略）gradually（略）mestic pr（略） soybean （略）ber of ch（略）e interna（略）etitivene（略）hinese so（略）ak mainly（略） low yiel（略）the avail（略）oybean yi（略）a is only（略）f the ave（略）of U.S.,B（略）rgentina.（略）the culti（略）of soybea（略） further （略）e to the （略）able land（略）ving the （略）tial and （略）he yield （略）ean has b（略）gent prob（略）e.With th（略）nt of mec（略）for seedi（略）ng densit（略） the most（略） effectiv（略）to increa（略）d by util（略）and and l（略） resource（略） agricult（略）s,the tec（略）increasin（略）ity with （略）ng densit（略）applied i（略）rops.In t（略）he recent（略） soybean （略）e summari（略） research（略）for plant（略）s highlig（略）will prov（略）etical ba（略）roving yi（略） density （略） and dens（略）nt variet（略）
项目受资助省
北（略）
1.黄淮海大豆新品种配套栽培技术研制及试验示范中期报告(Research and development of supporting cultivation technology of new varieties in huang-huai-hai soybean+interim report)
- 关键词：
- 黄淮海、夏大豆、免耕覆秸、种植密度、产量、Huang-Huai-Hai Region、Summer Soybean、No-Tillage Plus Straw Mulching、Planting Density、Yield
- 徐彩龙；
- 《中国农业科学院作物科学研究所；》
- 2019年
- 报告
黄淮海地区是中国重要的大豆产区之一，提高该区的大豆生产水平至关重要。该区前茬为小麦，播种时田间秸秆量大且处理困难，大豆播种质量差，进而影响大豆生长和产量形成。近年来，课题组协同国家大豆产业体系针对上述现状研制出免耕覆秸精量播种技术，为黄淮海麦茬大豆生产提供了新的技术途径。本研究在免耕覆秸条件下，解析高产品种形态性状和生理性状，探明高产品种的株型特点。主要研究结果如下: 1、与秸秆清理相比，秸秆覆盖条件下的大豆株高、主茎节数、分枝数、节间长度、重心高度，叶面积和叶面积指数显著增加，冠层中层和下层的光截获量、叶片SPAD、光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度显著增大，有利于干物质积累和粒重增加，从而产量提高。 2、随着种植密度的增加，大豆的株高、重心高、主茎节数和叶面积指数呈增加趋势，大豆分枝数、单株叶面积、叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和单株干物质呈减小的趋势；增密后收获株数的增加有利于群体产量的增加。 结果表明，免耕覆秸精量播种能促进大豆阶段性发育和干物质积累，有利于大豆产量的提高；在不同的种植密度下，高产品种株型自我调节能力强，适宜的增加种植密度，能够收敛大豆株型，改善群体结构，促进光能截获，增加光合物质积累，能提高大豆的产量。研究得出，免耕覆秸精量播种技术可作为一种轻简化栽培技术在黄淮海麦茬大豆区进行推广；基于精播覆秸技术，适当增加大豆种植密度可作为一种提高大豆产量的高产栽培措。 Huang-Huai-Hai region is one of the most important soybean producing areas in China and it is important to improve the soybean productivity level for this region.In this area,the soybean plant is seeded after winter wheat.Because of the large amounts of wheat straw and higher stubble,the sowing quality of soybean is very poor(non-uniform seed depth or spacing),which has negative effect on soybean growth and yield formation.In recent years,in order to solve the above problems,a new cultivation technology named no-tillage plus straw mulching and precise sowing cultivation technology was developed through combined efforts between our research team and national soybean industrial technology system.The main research results were as follows: Firstly,the plant height,number and length of stem section,number of branch,height center of gravity,and leaf area and its index under straw mulching condition were significantly higher than those in no-straw mulching.In addition,the SPAD,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of leaf,the light interception of the canopy in middle and bottom under straw mulching condition were higher than those in no-straw mulching,which were beneficial to dry matter accumulation and yield formation. Secondly,the plant height,height center of gravity,number and length of stem section,leaf area index were increased with the increasing of planting density,while the number of branch,leaf area per plant,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of leaf,weight per plant were decreased;as the harvest plants were increased,the final seed yield were increased. The results showed that the no-tillage plus straw mulching straw and precise sowing cultivation technology could promote the stage development and dry matter accumulation of soybean,which were beneficial to seed yield formation.Under different planting densities,high-yielding varieties have strongly self-regulation ability.Under optimal close planting condition,the soybean plant type can be converged.Meanwhile,an optimizing canopy structure,higher light interception,more dry matter accumulation were obtained under higher planting density,thus the seed yield increased.In conclusion,the no-tillage plus straw mulching and precise sowing cultivation technology could be used as a light and simplified cultivation technology to popularize in soybean productivity after winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai region.
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