黄淮海大豆新品种配套栽培技术研制及试验示范

项目来源

国(略)研(略)((略)D(略)

项目主持人

韩(略)

项目受资助机构

中(略)科(略)物(略)究(略)

项目编号

2(略)Y(略)1(略)0(略)

立项年度

2(略)

立项时间

未(略)

研究期限

未(略) (略)

项目级别

国(略)

受资助金额

9(略)0(略)

学科

七(略)物(略)((略)科(略)

学科代码

未(略)

基金类别

“(略)作(略)”(略)项

关键词

大(略) (略);(略)潜(略) (略)获(略)s(略)e(略);(略)g(略)e(略)t(略) (略)l(略)o(略)t(略) (略)e(略)n(略)d(略)r(略)t(略)

参与者

徐(略)

参与机构

未(略)

项目标书摘要:近年(略)年增加,生产形势严(略)差的重要原因在于我(略)我国大豆单产仅为美(略)主产国平均单产的6(略)有限,在大豆种植面(略)下,挖掘大豆高产潜(略)大豆生产亟需解决的(略)度的提高,密植成为(略)光能资源、依靠群体(略)效的措施之一。我国(略)术已在多种作物中实(略)植方面的研究进行了(略)豆密植增产的研究方(略)密品种选育提供理论(略)

Applicati(略): In rece(略)e soybean(略)China has(略)gradually(略)mestic pr(略) soybean (略)ber of ch(略)e interna(略)etitivene(略)hinese so(略)ak mainly(略) low yiel(略)the avail(略)oybean yi(略)a is only(略)f the ave(略)of U.S.,B(略)rgentina.(略)the culti(略)of soybea(略) further (略)e to the (略)able land(略)ving the (略)tial and (略)he yield (略)ean has b(略)gent prob(略)e.With th(略)nt of mec(略)for seedi(略)ng densit(略) the most(略) effectiv(略)to increa(略)d by util(略)and and l(略) resource(略) agricult(略)s,the tec(略)increasin(略)ity with (略)ng densit(略)applied i(略)rops.In t(略)he recent(略) soybean (略)e summari(略) research(略)for plant(略)s highlig(略)will prov(略)etical ba(略)roving yi(略) density (略) and dens(略)nt variet(略)

项目受资助省

北(略)

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  • 1.黄淮海大豆新品种配套栽培技术研制及试验示范中期报告(Research and development of supporting cultivation technology of new varieties in huang-huai-hai soybean+interim report)

    • 关键词:
    • 黄淮海、夏大豆、免耕覆秸、种植密度、产量、Huang-Huai-Hai Region、Summer Soybean、No-Tillage Plus Straw Mulching、Planting Density、Yield
    • 徐彩龙;
    • 《中国农业科学院作物科学研究所;》
    • 2019年
    • 报告

    黄淮海地区是中国重要的大豆产区之一,提高该区的大豆生产水平至关重要。该区前茬为小麦,播种时田间秸秆量大且处理困难,大豆播种质量差,进而影响大豆生长和产量形成。近年来,课题组协同国家大豆产业体系针对上述现状研制出免耕覆秸精量播种技术,为黄淮海麦茬大豆生产提供了新的技术途径。本研究在免耕覆秸条件下,解析高产品种形态性状和生理性状,探明高产品种的株型特点。主要研究结果如下: 1、与秸秆清理相比,秸秆覆盖条件下的大豆株高、主茎节数、分枝数、节间长度、重心高度,叶面积和叶面积指数显著增加,冠层中层和下层的光截获量、叶片SPAD、光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度显著增大,有利于干物质积累和粒重增加,从而产量提高。 2、随着种植密度的增加,大豆的株高、重心高、主茎节数和叶面积指数呈增加趋势,大豆分枝数、单株叶面积、叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和单株干物质呈减小的趋势;增密后收获株数的增加有利于群体产量的增加。 结果表明,免耕覆秸精量播种能促进大豆阶段性发育和干物质积累,有利于大豆产量的提高;在不同的种植密度下,高产品种株型自我调节能力强,适宜的增加种植密度,能够收敛大豆株型,改善群体结构,促进光能截获,增加光合物质积累,能提高大豆的产量。研究得出,免耕覆秸精量播种技术可作为一种轻简化栽培技术在黄淮海麦茬大豆区进行推广;基于精播覆秸技术,适当增加大豆种植密度可作为一种提高大豆产量的高产栽培措。 Huang-Huai-Hai region is one of the most important soybean producing areas in China and it is important to improve the soybean productivity level for this region.In this area,the soybean plant is seeded after winter wheat.Because of the large amounts of wheat straw and higher stubble,the sowing quality of soybean is very poor(non-uniform seed depth or spacing),which has negative effect on soybean growth and yield formation.In recent years,in order to solve the above problems,a new cultivation technology named no-tillage plus straw mulching and precise sowing cultivation technology was developed through combined efforts between our research team and national soybean industrial technology system.The main research results were as follows: Firstly,the plant height,number and length of stem section,number of branch,height center of gravity,and leaf area and its index under straw mulching condition were significantly higher than those in no-straw mulching.In addition,the SPAD,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of leaf,the light interception of the canopy in middle and bottom under straw mulching condition were higher than those in no-straw mulching,which were beneficial to dry matter accumulation and yield formation. Secondly,the plant height,height center of gravity,number and length of stem section,leaf area index were increased with the increasing of planting density,while the number of branch,leaf area per plant,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of leaf,weight per plant were decreased;as the harvest plants were increased,the final seed yield were increased. The results showed that the no-tillage plus straw mulching straw and precise sowing cultivation technology could promote the stage development and dry matter accumulation of soybean,which were beneficial to seed yield formation.Under different planting densities,high-yielding varieties have strongly self-regulation ability.Under optimal close planting condition,the soybean plant type can be converged.Meanwhile,an optimizing canopy structure,higher light interception,more dry matter accumulation were obtained under higher planting density,thus the seed yield increased.In conclusion,the no-tillage plus straw mulching and precise sowing cultivation technology could be used as a light and simplified cultivation technology to popularize in soybean productivity after winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai region.

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  • 2.密植是挖掘大豆产量潜力的重要栽培途径

    • 关键词:
    • 大豆;密植;产量潜力;途径
    • 尹阳阳;徐彩龙;宋雯雯;胡水秀;吴存祥
    • 《土壤与作物》
    • 2019年
    • 04期
    • 期刊

    近年来,我国大豆进口量逐年增加,生产形势严峻。我国大豆国际竞争力差的重要原因在于我国大豆单产低,资料显示我国大豆单产仅为美国、巴西和阿根廷等大豆主产国平均单产量的60%。鉴于我国耕地面积有限,在大豆种植面积不能大规模扩大的情况下,挖掘大豆高产潜力、缩小产量差成为我国大豆生产亟需解决的问题。随着播种机械化程度的提高,密植成为大田作物充分利用土地和光能资源、依靠群体实现产量增加最简单和有效的措施之一。我国农业生产中,密植增产技术已在多种作物中实现。本文对近年来大豆密植方面的研究进行了总结,旨在明确下一步大豆密植增产的研究方向,为大豆密植增产和耐密品种选育提供理论依据。

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  • 3.黄淮海夏大豆症青发生原因探讨与防治技术

    • 关键词:
    • 黄淮海;夏大豆;症青现象;发生原因;防治方法
    • 徐彩龙;韩天富;吴存祥
    • 《大豆科技》
    • 2019年
    • 03期
    • 期刊

    大豆症青是大豆正常成熟时期,植株仍然叶绿、枝青,有荚但豆荚空瘪或者籽粒瘪烂的现象。黄淮海地区夏大豆症青现象于20世纪80年代零星出现,但近年来爆发式的发生,且有向周边地区扩散的趋势,严重影响了大豆产量,极大地打击了豆农的种植积极性。综合前人研究结果和实地调研数据,对大豆症青发生原因进行分析并提出防治方案。多年多点调查发现,大豆症青的发生在品种间无显著差异。40℃高温条件下大豆花粉活性仍接近60%;同时大豆花期一般可持续25 d左右,与近年来个别极端高温天气的发生存在时间上的差别,排除高温影响因素。症青大豆植株花叶病毒检出率同正常植株无异,排除花叶病毒感染的可能。接虫试验表明,蚜虫、粉虱、叶蝉等小型刺吸式害虫可造成大豆减产而非绝产,且症状与症青现象不同;黄淮海地区优势蝽类害虫点蜂缘蝽(Riptortuspedestris)接虫试验表明,随着接虫量的增加,症青症状逐渐加重;尤其是盛荚期接虫,为害最重。通过综合分析,认为点蜂缘蝽是造成该区域大豆症青现象发生的"元凶"。鉴于黄淮海地区品种多样,建议从大豆开花期开始进行点蜂缘蝽防治,每隔7~10 d喷1次、连喷2~3次杀虫剂,该技术已在大豆生产中得到验证。点蜂缘蝽的飞行、移动能力较强、寄主较多,实施大面积统防统治迫在眉睫。

    ...
  • 4.黄淮海麦茬大豆免耕覆秸精量播种栽培技术研究

    • 关键词:
    • 夏大豆;麦秸还田;精播保苗;覆秸保墒;增产增效
    • 徐彩龙;韩天富;吴存祥
    • 《大豆科学》
    • 2018年
    • 02期
    • 期刊

    黄淮海地区是我国重要的大豆生产区之一,该地区大豆的前茬作物为小麦,小麦收获后,田间麦秸量大,麦茬较高,大豆播种质量难以保证,进而影响大豆生长和产量形成。为破解上述生产难题,国家大豆产业技术体系经过多年协同攻关研发了麦茬大豆免耕覆秸精量播种技术。该技术可一次性完成秸秆侧向抛秸、分层施肥(药)、精量播种、覆土镇压、封闭除草等核心作业环节,同步实现了小麦秸秆全量还田、大豆精量播种和田间病虫草害的防治。本文结合多年来试验示范数据对麦茬大豆免耕覆秸精量播种技术进行了详细介绍,结果表明:免耕覆秸精量播种技术有效地解决了长期困扰黄淮海地区大豆生产的麦秸处理、大豆保苗和土壤培肥难题,增产增效显著。免耕覆秸精量播种技术在大豆生产过程中降低了生产成本,提高了大豆的种植效益,该技术在黄淮海地区具有广阔的应用前景。

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